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But there are not many studies that address these species. A nice example of how alien plants impact native animals comes from a study in Lake St.
Lucia, on the eastern part of South Africa. Alien vegetation has shaded Nile crocodile nests. Since being invaded, nests are much cooler than normal sunny nests which female crocodiles prefer.
Temperature dictates the sex of embryos in reptiles, so this finding implies that development of eggs under these conditions will result in more females. So, invasive plant species might affect the environment in more ways than we can imagine. The Nile crocodile study and a few other studies in South Africa are the exception rather than the rule.
Most attention to date has gone into comparing numbers of species or individuals between native and invaded areas rather than investigating how these changes take place. Most authors report about the potential impact invasive plants have but very few actually test potential causes of these impacts.
This gap is possibly because of the difficulty to experimentally test the ways these impacts develop or record data in the long-term. For example, monitoring and collecting data on native species in the long run would enable comparing processes before and after an alien plant invasion has taken place.
Without understanding what causes the potential impact these aliens plants can have, we cannot project the impact of introduced alien species into new regions or into the future. Management practices need to be shaped by the knowledge of these causes. Scientists and citizens can keep a fairly good record of newly introduced invasive plant species and the spread of established ones. It becomes a huge challenge to keep comprehensive records of the ways alien plants affect local plants and animals.
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Olde Venterink, H. Legumes have a higher root phosphatase activity than other forbs, particularly under low inorganic P and N supply. Download references. We thank Ani Giotto, Chesterton Eugenio and Arminda Carvalho for helping to collect or providing seeds for the mesocosm experiment, the authorities from the IBGE reserve and Gustavo Dauster for logistical support in the nature reserves, and Prof.
Cassia Munhoz and Renata Martins for permission to access field sites and help with plant identification. Carolina Gonzalez, Gabriella Damasceno and Gilberto Cosac are acknowledged for the help with harvesting, root washing and preparation of samples for the phosphatase essays, and Viviane Miranda for the assistance with analyses of root morphology in Brazil. Danielle A. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.
V managed the overall project. Correspondence to Luciola S. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Reprints and Permissions. Species richness both impedes and promotes alien plant invasions in the Brazilian Cerrado. Sci Rep 10, Download citation. Received : 09 March Accepted : 23 June Published : 09 July Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
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Advanced search. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Download PDF. Subjects Biodiversity Ecosystem ecology. Abstract Worldwide, alien plant invasions have been intensively studied in the past decades, but mechanisms controlling the invasibility of native communities are not fully understood yet.
Introduction The invasion of natural ecosystems by alien plants is recognized as an important component of global environmental change 1 , 2 , 3 , and potentially poses a major threat to biodiversity 4 , 5. Results and discussion In a field study conducted at 38 sites in two regions, we measured the abundance of alien invasive species, species richness of the plant community, total and soil extractable pools of P and N, soil phosphatase activity and the root phosphatase activity of nine common plant species.
Full size image. Figure 3. Figure 4. Conclusions This study has shown that the influence of plant species richness upon alien plant invasions is more complex than previously supposed, especially in very nutrient-poor soils. Methods Field survey Plant species richness and the abundance of alien plants were recorded in 38 plots located in five nature reserves in the Cerrado see Suppl. Mesocosm experiment The experiment was initially designed to investigate the importance of soil and root phosphatase activity for the invasion of alien grasses in the Cerrado, in the presence and absence of a native legume forb.
References 1. Google Scholar 2. Google Scholar 3. Google Scholar 7. PubMed Google Scholar 8. CAS Google Scholar 9. PubMed Google Scholar Google Scholar CAS Google Scholar Article PubMed Google Scholar Author information Author notes These authors contributed equally: Luciola S.
Lannes and Harry Olde Venterink. Lannes View author publications. View author publications. Ethics declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Additional information Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary information. Supplementary file1. About this article. Cite this article Lannes, L. Copy to clipboard. Comments By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. Publish with us For authors Submit manuscript. Search Search articles by subject, keyword or author.
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