Whereas, mitosis is the division of the cell nucleus resulting in two genetically identical daughter nuclei. So, this is the key difference between cell division and mitosis. Furthermore, cell division includes nuclear division and cytokinesis while mitosis consists of four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Moreover, a further difference between cell division and mitosis is that both somatic and germ cells undergo cell division while only somatic cells undergo mitosis. Also, cell division takes more time to complete than mitosis. Hence, we can consider this too as a difference between cell division and mitosis. Cell division is the process that produces new cells from the parent cells. It includes nuclear division and cytoplasmic division. On the other hand, mitosis is one of the two types of nuclear divisions.
Mitosis results in two daughter nuclei from a parent nucleus and the daughter nuclei are genetically identical with that of the parent nucleus. Thus, both cell division and mitosis are important processes in living organisms. If you have any other comments or suggestions, please let us know at comment yourgenome.
Can you spare minutes to tell us what you think of this website? Open survey. In: Facts In the Cell. In metaphase individual chromosomes pairs of chromatids line up along the equator. During anaphase the sister chromatids are separated to opposite poles. During anaphase I the sister chromatids move together to the same pole. During anaphase II the sister chromatids are separated to opposite poles. Figure 6. Figure 5. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure Telophase and Cytokinesis. References and Recommended Reading Cheeseman, I.
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Mitosis is usually shorter than meiosis. Meiosis has various timescales in different organisms, which can be affected by several factors including temperature and environment of the organism, and the amount of nuclear DNA. The process lasts 6 hours in yeast but can last more than 40 years in human females, due to a developmental hold at prophase I, until ovulation. What is an example of a disease caused by an error in this process? Uncontrolled mitosis occurs in cancer, where either genes that stop cell division tumour suppressors are switched off, or genes that encourage cell division oncogenes are overactive.
Errors in meiosis can lead to the wrong number of chromosomes ending up in germ cells, this is called aneuploidy. This can trigger miscarriage, but is occasionally tolerated. Another example is Klinefelter syndrome , where XY males have an additional X chromosome. Mitosis is the Greek word for thread , after the thread-like chromosomes that can be seen under the microscope in dye-stained cells during cell division.
This refers to the outcome of meiosis, where the genetic information in each new cell is halved. Oskar Hertwig described the fusion of egg and sperm in the transparent sea urchin egg in In mitosis, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase occur once. Meiotic prophase I is much longer that mitotic prophase. This is where chromosomes exchange sections of DNA.
This is important for generating genetic diversity but is also crucial mechanically to hold homologous chromosomes together. Mitotic prophase is much shorter that meiotic prophase I. There is no crossing over in mitosis. In meiotic metaphase I pairs of homologous chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate. The way in which the homologous pairs are oriented randomly with respect to the cell poles is referred to as the law of independent assortment and ensures a random and independent distribution of chromosomes to the daughter cells of meiosis I and ultimately to the haploid gametes at the end of meiosis II.
In anaphase of meiosis I cohesin at the centromeres of the chromosomes is not cleaved and it therefore continues to hold sister chromatids together as the homologous chromosomes are segregated to opposite cell poles.
In anaphase of mitosis and meiosis II , cohesin protein holding the centromeres of the sister chromatids together is cleaved , allowing the sister chromatids to segregate to opposite poles of the cell , at which point they are called chromosomes.
In meiosis, cytokinesis must occur twice : once after telophase I and again, after telophase II. In mitosis, cytokinesis does not always occur , some cells divide and are multinucleate , like muscle cells. Are uncondensed but are still organised. The entire genome is replicated to create two identical semi-conserved copies of each chromosome.
Align along the metaphase plate, the midpoint between the two centrosomes. Sister chromatids are joined at the centromere by proteins that form a structure called a kinetochore. Cohesin is cleaved at the centromere of chromosomes, resulting in sister chromatids being pulled to opposite poles of the cell.
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