Lymphocytic leukemia also known as lymphoid or lymphoblastic leukemia develops in the white blood cells called lymphocytes in the bone marrow. Myeloid also known as myelogenous leukemia may also start in white blood cells other than lymphocytes, as well as red blood cells and platelets. In terms of how quickly it develops or gets worse, leukemia is classified as either acute fast-growing or chronic slow-growing.
Acute leukemia is rapidly progressing and results in the accumulation of immature, functionless blood cells in the bone marrow. Chronic leukemia progresses more slowly and results in the accumulation of relatively mature, but still abnormal, white blood cells.
It tends to take longer to start causing noticeable problems than acute leukemia. However, chronic, slower-growing leukemia may be more difficult to treat. According to data from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results SEER Program , chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the most common type in the United States, followed by acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia.
Acute lymphocytic leukemia ALL progresses rapidly, replacing healthy cells that produce functional lymphocytes with leukemia cells that can't mature properly.
The leukemia cells are carried in the bloodstream to other organs and tissues, including the brain, liver, lymph nodes and testes, where they continue to grow and divide. The growing, dividing and spreading of these leukemia cells may result in a number of possible symptoms, some of which may resemble the flu. They include fatigue, shortness of breath, fever, and easy bruising or bleeding , among other symptoms.
ALL develops when changes in DNA mutations cause the bone marrow to produce too many abnormal lymphocytes a type of white blood cell. Lymphocytes are supposed to help fight infections, but the ones produced in people with ALL are unable to do so properly. The proliferation of these abnormal cells also crowds out other types of healthy blood cells. Risk factors for ALL include:. ALL may be diagnosed with blood tests and a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, which involve extracting a sample of bone marrow and a tiny piece of bone, then studying the cells under a microscope.
Acute myeloid leukemia AML , also known as acute myelogenous leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia, acute granulocytic leukemia or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, is a fast-growing form of cancer of the blood and bone marrow.
This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Leukemia is cancer of the body's blood-forming tissues, including the bone marrow and the lymphatic system. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Parts of the immune system Open pop-up dialog box Close. Parts of the immune system The lymphatic system is part of the body's immune system, which protects against infection and disease.
Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Kliegman RM, et al. The leukemias. In: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Elsevier; Accessed Oct. Niederhuber JE, et al. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. Each of these cell types has a specialized role in the immune system; some produce antibodies, whereas others directly fight or direct other immune cells to fight infections. Read more about leukemia in children. Myeloid leukemias develop from cells that give rise to white blood cells called granulocytes and monocytes.
Granulocytes get their name from the enzyme-packed granules they carry inside them. They release these enzymes when encountering invading bacteria or fungi. Monocytes eventually become macrophages, which engulf and destroy bacteria and fungi. In acute leukemias, which develop rapidly, the malignant cells called blasts are immature and incapable of performing their immune system functions.
Chronic leukemias develop in more-mature cells, which can perform some of their duties — but not very well. These abnormal cells usually multiply at a slower rate than acute leukemias.
Hemoglobin transports iron around the body. A shortage of iron can lead to difficult or labored breathing and pale skin. If the liver or spleen becomes swollen, a person may feel full and eat less, resulting in weight loss. Weight loss may also occur even without an enlarged liver or spleen. A headache may indicate that cancerous cells have entered the central nervous system CNS. However, all these can all be symptoms of other illnesses.
Consultation and testing are necessary to confirm a diagnosis of leukemia. A doctor will carry out a physical examination and ask about personal and family medical history. They will check for signs of anemia and feel for an enlarged liver or spleen. If the doctor suspects leukemia, they may suggest a bone marrow test. A surgeon extracts bone marrow from the center of a bone, usually from the hip, using a long, fine needle.
Progress in medicine means that people can now achieve complete remission through treatment. Remission means that there are no longer signs that cancer is present. In , the chances of surviving for 5 years or more after receiving a diagnosis of leukemia were By , this figure had risen to When a person achieves remission, they will still require monitoring and may undergo blood and bone marrow tests.
Doctors need to carry out these tests to ensure the cancer has not returned. The doctor may decide to reduce the frequency of testing if the leukemia does not return over time. Read the article in Spanish. Lymphoma is a cancer that starts in the white blood cells This article looks at the two main types: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, as well…. Multiple myeloma, leukemia, and lymphoma are all types of bone marrow cancer. Treatments include chemotherapy, stem cell therapy, and radiation….
Radiation therapy is a treatment for cancer. A person may receive it alongside another treatment or alone. Find out why doctors recommend it, what it…. The symptoms, treatment, and survival rates of stage 4 lymphoma depend on the type of lymphoma and the risk factors that the individual has.
Acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia are both cancers of the blood and bone marrow. Learn more here. What to know about leukemia. Medically reviewed by Yamini Ranchod, Ph.
0コメント